@article {1674981,
	title = {Phenotypic characterisation of early COPD: a prospective case-control study},
	journal = {ERJ Open Res},
	volume = {6},
	number = {4},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 Oct},
	abstract = {The phenotypic characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in individuals younger than 50 years of age (early COPD) are not well defined. This prospective, multicentre, case-control study sought to describe these characteristics and compare them with those of smokers (>=10 pack-years) of similar age with normal spirometry (controls). We studied 92 cases (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) \<0.7) and 197 controls. Results were contrasted with participants with similar inclusion criteria recruited into the ECLIPSE and COPDGene cohorts. Cases had moderate airflow limitation (FEV1 71.3{\textpm}20.8\%) but were often symptomatic, used healthcare resources frequently, had air trapping (residual volume 150.6{\textpm}55.5\% ref.), had reduced diffusing capacity (84.2{\textpm}20.7\% ref.) and had frequent evidence of computed tomography (CT) emphysema (61\%). Of note, less than half of cases (46\%) had been previously diagnosed with COPD. Interestingly, they also often reported a family history of respiratory diseases and had been hospitalised because of respiratory problems before the age of 5 years more frequently than controls (12\% versus 3\%, p=0.009). By and large, these observations were reproduced when available in the ECLIPSE and COPDGene cohorts. These results show that early COPD is associated with substantial health impact and significant structural and functional abnormalities, albeit it is often not diagnosed (hence, treated). The fact that a sizeable proportion of patients with early COPD report a family history of respiratory diseases and/or early-life events (including hospitalisations before the age of 5 years) renders further support to the possibility of early-life origin of COPD.},
	issn = {2312-0541},
	doi = {10.1183/23120541.00047-2020},
	author = {Cos{\'\i}o, Borja G and Pascual-Guardia, Sergi and Borras-Santos, Alicia and Peces-Barba, Germ{\'a}n and Santos, Salud and Vigil, Laura and Soler-Catalu{\~n}a, Juan Jos{\'e} and Mart{\'\i}nez-Gonz{\'a}lez, Cristina and Casanova, Ciro and Marcos, Pedro J and Alvarez, Carlos J and L{\'o}pez-Campos, Jos{\'e} Luis and Joaquim Gea and Garcia-Aymerich, Judith and Molina, Jes{\'u}s and Rom{\'a}n, Miguel and Moises, Jorge and Szabo, Viktoria and Reagan, Elizabeth A and San Jos{\'e} Est{\'e}par, Ra{\'u}l and Washko, George and Agust{\'\i}, Alvar and Rosa Faner}
}