@article {1433675,
	title = {Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Interstitial Lung Disease Is Enhanced by Serum Biomarkers},
	journal = {Am J Respir Crit Care Med},
	volume = {191},
	number = {12},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Jun 15},
	pages = {1403-12},
	abstract = {RATIONALE: Interstitial lung disease (ILD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is highly prevalent, yet RA-ILD is underrecognized.

OBJECTIVES: To identify clinical risk factors, autoantibodies, and biomarkers associated with the presence of RA-ILD.

METHODS: Subjects enrolled in Brigham and Women{\textquoteright}s Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study (BRASS) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) cohorts were evaluated for ILD. Regression models were used to assess the association between variables of interest and RA-ILD. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated in BRASS to determine if a combination of clinical risk factors and autoantibodies can identify RA-ILD and if the addition of investigational biomarkers is informative. This combinatorial signature was subsequently tested in ACR.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 113 BRASS subjects with clinically indicated chest computed tomography scans (41\% with a spectrum of clinically evident and subclinical RA-ILD) and 76 ACR subjects with research or clinical scans (51\% with a spectrum of RA-ILD) were selected. A combination of age, sex, smoking, rheumatoid factor, and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies was strongly associated with RA-ILD (areas under the curve, 0.88 for BRASS and 0.89 for ACR). Importantly, a combinatorial signature including matrix metalloproteinase 7, pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, and surfactant protein D significantly increased the areas under the curve to 0.97 (P = 0.002, BRASS) and 1.00 (P = 0.016, ACR). Similar trends were seen for both clinically evident and subclinical RA-ILD.

CONCLUSIONS: Clinical risk factors and autoantibodies are strongly associated with the presence of clinically evident and subclinical RA-ILD on computed tomography scan in two independent RA cohorts. A biomarker signature composed of matrix metalloproteinase 7, pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, and surfactant protein D significantly strengthens this association. These findings may facilitate identification of RA-ILD at an earlier stage, potentially leading to decreased morbidity and mortality.},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Aged, Area Under Curve, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Autoantibodies, Biomarkers, Chemokines, Cohort Studies, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Male, Matrix Metalloproteinase 7, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D, Risk Factors, ROC Curve, Sex Factors},
	issn = {1535-4970},
	doi = {10.1164/rccm.201411-1950OC},
	author = {Doyle, Tracy J and Patel, Avignat S and Hatabu, Hiroto and Nishino, Mizuki and Wu, Guodong and Osorio, Juan C and Golzarri, Maria F and Traslosheros, Andres and Chu, Sarah G and Frits, Michelle L and Iannaccone, Christine K and Koontz, Diane and Fuhrman, Carl and Weinblatt, Michael E and El-Chemaly, Souheil Y and Washko, George R and Hunninghake, Gary M and Choi, Augustine M K and Dellaripa, Paul F and Oddis, Chester V and Shadick, Nancy A and Ascherman, Dana P and Rosas, Ivan O}
}