@article {1433652,
	title = {Association Between Interstitial Lung Abnormalities and All-Cause Mortality},
	journal = {JAMA},
	volume = {315},
	number = {7},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Feb 16},
	pages = {672-81},
	abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Interstitial lung abnormalities have been associated with lower 6-minute walk distance, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, and total lung capacity. However, to our knowledge, an association with mortality has not been previously investigated.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether interstitial lung abnormalities are associated with increased mortality.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND POPULATION: Prospective cohort studies of 2633 participants from the FHS (Framingham Heart Study; computed tomographic [CT] scans obtained September 2008-March 2011), 5320 from the AGES-Reykjavik Study (Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility; recruited January 2002-February 2006), 2068 from the COPDGene Study (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; recruited November 2007-April 2010), and 1670 from ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints; between December 2005-December 2006).

EXPOSURES: Interstitial lung abnormality status as determined by chest CT evaluation.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: All-cause mortality over an approximate 3- to 9-year median follow-up time. Cause-of-death information was also examined in the AGES-Reykjavik cohort.

RESULTS: Interstitial lung abnormalities were present in 177 (7\%) of the 2633 participants from FHS, 378 (7\%) of 5320 from AGES-Reykjavik, 156 (8\%) of 2068 from COPDGene, and in 157 (9\%) of 1670 from ECLIPSE. Over median follow-up times of approximately 3 to 9 years, there were more deaths (and a greater absolute rate of mortality) among participants with interstitial lung abnormalities when compared with those who did not have interstitial lung abnormalities in the following cohorts: 7\% vs 1\% in FHS (6\% difference [95\% CI, 2\% to 10\%]), 56\% vs 33\% in AGES-Reykjavik (23\% difference [95\% CI, 18\% to 28\%]), and 11\% vs 5\% in ECLIPSE (6\% difference [95\% CI, 1\% to 11\%]). After adjustment for covariates, interstitial lung abnormalities were associated with a higher risk of death in the FHS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7 [95\% CI, 1.1 to 6.5]; P = .03), AGES-Reykjavik (HR, 1.3 [95\% CI, 1.2 to 1.4]; P ,
	keywords = {Cause of Death, Cohort Studies, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasms, Prevalence, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Pulmonary Emphysema, Radiography, Smoking},
	issn = {1538-3598},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.2016.0518},
	author = {Putman, Rachel K and Hatabu, Hiroto and Araki, Tetsuro and Gudmundsson, Gunnar and Gao, Wei and Nishino, Mizuki and Okajima, Yuka and Dupuis, Jos{\'e}e and Latourelle, Jeanne C and Cho, Michael H and El-Chemaly, Souheil and Coxson, Harvey O and Celli, Bartolome R and Fernandez, Isis E and Zazueta, Oscar E and Ross, James C and Harmouche, Rola and San Jos{\'e} Est{\'e}par, Ra{\'u}l and Diaz, Alejandro A and Sigurdsson, Sigurdur and Gudmundsson, El{\'\i}as F and Eir{\'\i}ksdott{\'\i}r, Gudny and Aspelund, Thor and Budoff, Matthew J and Kinney, Gregory L and Hokanson, John E and Williams, Michelle C and Murchison, John T and MacNee, William and Hoffmann, Udo and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, Christopher J and Launer, Lenore J and Harrris, Tamara B and Gudnason, Vilmundur and Silverman, Edwin K and O{\textquoteright}Connor, George T and Washko, George R and Rosas, Ivan O and Hunninghake, Gary M}
}